Goiás is a state of Brazil, located in the Center-West region of the country. The name Goiás | formerly, Goyaz | comes from the name of an indigenous community. The original word seems to have been guaiá, a compound of gua e iá, meaning "the same person" or "people of the same origin." It borders the Federal District and the states of | Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The most populous state of its region, Goiás is characterized by a landscape of chapadões | plateaus | . In the height of the drought season, from June to September, the lack of rain makes the level of the Araguaia River go down and exposes almost 2 kilometres 1.2 mi of beaches, making it the main attraction of the State. At the Emas National Park in the municipality of Mineiros, it is possible to observe the typical fauna and flora from the region. At the Chapada dos Veadeiros the attractions are the canyons, valleys, rapids and waterfalls. Other attractions are the historical city of Goiás or Old Goiás, 132 km 82 mi from Goiânia, established in the beginning of 18th Century, and Caldas Novas, with its hot water wells attracting more than one million tourists per year. In Brazil's geoeconomic division, Goiás belongs to the Centro-Sul | Center-South | , being the northernmost state of the southern portion of Brazil. The first European exploration of this interior part of Brazil was carried out by expeditions from São Paulo in the 17th century. Gold was discovered in the gravel of a tributary of the Araguaia River by the bandeirante Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva | the Anhanguera | in 1682. The settlement he founded there, called Santa Anna, became the colonial town of Goiás Velho, the former state capital. In 1744 the large inland area, much of it still unexplored by Europeans, was made a Captaincy General, and in 1822 it became a province of the empire of Brazil. It became a state in 1889. The Brazilian constitution of 1891 specified that the nation's capital should be moved to the Brazilian Highlands | Planalto Central | , and in 1956 Goiás was selected as the site for the federal district and capital national, Brasília. The seat of the federal government was officially moved to Brasília in 1960. History of Goiás
Goiânia, the largest city and capital was planned in 1933 to replace the old, inaccessible former state capital of Goiás, 110 kilometres 68 mi northwest. In 1937 the state government moved there, and in 1942 the official inauguration was held. Goiânia is now one of the fastest growing cities in Brazil and one of the most livable cities in the country. It stands out as both an industrial center | along with the neighboring towns of Anápolis and Aparecida de Goiânia | and as a cultural center for country culture and music, known as Sertanejo. Due to the relatively large territory of the state, which was over 600,000 square kilometres 230,000 sq mi, communications were obviously very difficult. The northern part of the state began to feel abandoned by the southern government and began a movement for separation. Local political leaders, many of whom were large landowners and were eager to gain important positions such as governor or senator and financial gain with the construction of a new capital, also encouraged the movement. In 1989 the northern half of Goiás became a separate state called Tocantins.
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Brazil is a South American country it stretches from the amazon basin in the north to the vineyards and massive Iguaçu Falls in the south. The population is around 200.4 million and it is a beautiful country. Music is one of the most striking features of Minas Gerais and has been part of the history1/17/2017 Music is one of the most striking features of Minas Gerais and has been part of the history of the state since the early 16th and 17th centuries. From the 18th century, composers including Jose Joaquim Lobo de Mesquita, Francisco Gomes da Rocha, Marcos Coelho Neto and Manoel de Oliveira Dias reinforced the musical tradition of Minas with the composition of baroque pieces that are now revered as masterpieces. For classical music, the state features productions and performances of various orchestras and choirs. Among them there are the Symphonic Orchestra of Minas Gerais and the Coral Lírico de Minas Gerais, a State Choir, maintained by Clovis Salgado Foundation, an institution linked to the Secretary of State for Culture. These and other groups have a strong presence in the capital and throughout the state, working for the popularization and democratization of classical music. One of the most prolific contemporary composers was born in Minas Gerais, Prof. Dr. Andersen Viana, which music has been recognized most frequently abroad. The most varied rhythms and sounds have their origins in the state. Ary Barroso, who in 1939 composed one of Brazil's best known songs throughout the world, Aquarela do Brasil, was born in Ubá, in the Zona da Mata Mineira.In the 1960s and 70s streets in the traditional neighborhood of Santa Tereza, Belo Horizonte, were the scene of one of the most important movements of national music: Clube da Esquina. With a unique blend of Brazilian popular music with pop and jazz, the Club was met with talents like Milton Nascimento, Wagner Tiso, Toninho Horta, Fernando Brant, Lô Borges, Beto Guedes, and Flávio Venturini. In the 1980s and 90s a scene of Heavy Metal bands has been held in Belo Horizonte. It's the origin of important Brazilian bands of this genre, many of them are know worldwide, such as Sepultura, Sarcófago, Overdose, Mutilator, Holocausto and Chakal. The current scenario continues reflecting the vibrancy and dynamism of its culture. A new generation of artists is represented by names like Skank, Pato Fu, Jota Quest, Vander Lee, Uakti, Marina Machado, Maurício Tizumba, Berimbrown, Copo Lagoinha and Amaranto.
Moving freely through different rhythms like rock, reggae, heavy metal, samba and MPB, among others, the music in Minas Gerais continues the excellence and diversity that has always been a staple in the country. Minas Gerais is home to some of the best schools in the country, both at the secondary and higher levels. It is also the state that contains the largest number of Federal Universities, public universities maintained directly by the federal government. The Federal University of Uberlândia | Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU is a Brazilian public university, located in the southwest of Minas Gerais, in Uberlândia, Brazil. The students are admitted through semesterly exams, the vestibular. As of 2014, UFU offers 55 undergraduate degrees, including a sought-after Medicine degree, Law, Economics, plus Engineering, Business, Science and Art degrees. It offers 19 doctorate programs, 38 master's degree programs, 34 diplomas and 21 medical residence programs. Federal University of Pernambuco | Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE is a public university located in Recife, Brazil, established in 1946. UFPE has 70 undergraduate courses and 175 postgraduate courses. As of 2007, UFPE had 35,000 students and 2,000 professors. The university has three campuses: Recife, Vitória de Santo Antão, and Caruaru. Its main campus, or "Cidade Universitária", has 10 centers in 149 hectares. It is located in the west part of Recife, in the Várzea neighborhood. The Law School or Faculty of Law is located downtown. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE
UFPE ranks among the top Brazilian universities, being the ninth university both in size and scientific production, and the seventh among the federal institutes. UFPE's Center for Exact and Natural Sciences is consistently the strongest in research production in the university. Each year over 6,000 seats are offered in a competitive entry exam | Vestibular |. The median and average competition rate is of about 10 applicants for each seat. Courses UFPE offers more than 90 undergraduate courses and 198 post-graduate courses, with about 40,000 students and 2,000 professors. Paraná is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the south of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and the republic of Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line.
Its area is 199,307.922 km2 | 76,953.219 sq mi | , slightly smaller than Romania, a country with similar shape. It is subdivided into 39 municipalities. Its capital is the city of Curitiba. Other major cities are Londrina, Maringá, Ponta Grossa, Cascavel, São José dos Pinhais and Foz do Iguaçu. Crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn, Paraná has what is left of the araucaria forest, one of the most important subtropical forests in the world. At the border with Argentina is the National Park of Iguaçu, considered by UNESCO as a World Heritage site. At only 40 km | 25 mi | from there, at the border with Paraguay, the largest dam in the world was built, the Hidroelétrica de Itaipu | Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam . The crime rate is considered low by brazilian standards and the state is one of the most developed in the nation. History
Colonisation of the state by settlers started in the 16th century, but was mainly confined to the coasts. In the 1940s, the northern part of the state was settled as a result of the expansion of the São Paulo coffee industry. The south-eastern part of the state was settled as a result of migration from Rio Grande do Sul. Those born and raised in Minas Gerais, also called Mineiros, bear an unmistakable accent that sets them apart from fellow Brazilians, although people born in different regions of the state bear slightly different accents, some resembling those of neighboring states, such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. They are considered reserved, prudent, relatively silent to the point of melancholy but welcoming and family-focused. It is one of the most religious states, with a large proportion of staunch Roman Catholics and a burgeoning Evangelical and neo-Pentecostal population, with pockets of African religions. The Spiritist doctrine is also professed by a significant portion of the population, partly due to the influence of Chico Xavier, the main spiritual icon of Brazil, who lived in Minas Gerais all his life. Culture Minas Gerais may be called Deep Brazil by analogy with France profonde. It has a distinctly more native flavour than cosmopolitan São Paulo, a more traditional slant than flashy Rio de Janeiro, and is more Portuguese than the South and São Paulo with their great influx of Italians and other Central Europeans, the North with its Native Americans, or the Northeast with its heavy Afro-Brazilian influence. Rio Grande do Sul is a state located in the southern region of Brazil. It is the fifth most populous state and the ninth largest by area. Located in the southernmost part of the country, Rio Grande do Sul is bordered clockwise by Santa Catarina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Uruguayan departments of Rocha, Treinta y Tres, Cerro Largo, Rivera and Artigas to the south and southwest, and the Argentine provinces of Corrientes and Misiones to the west and northwest. The capital and largest city is Porto Alegre. Geography Rio Grande do Sul is bordered to the north by the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Uruguay, and to the west by Argentina. The northern part of the state lies on the southern slopes of the elevated plateau extending southward from São Paulo across the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, and is much broken by low mountain ranges whose general direction across the trend of the slope gives them the appearance of escarpments. A range of low mountains extends southward from the Serra do Mar of Santa Catarina and crosses the state into Uruguay. West of this range is a vast grassy plain devoted principally to stock-raising – the northern and most elevated part being suitable in pasturage and climate for sheep, and the southern for cattle. East of it is a wide coastal zone only slightly elevated above the sea; within it are two great estuarine lagoons, the Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim, which are separated from the ocean by two sandy, partially barren peninsulas. The coast is one great sand beach, broken only by the outlet of the two lakes, called the Rio Grande, which affords an entrance to navigable inland waters and several ports. There are two distinct river systems in Rio Grande do Sul – that of the eastern slope draining to the lagoons, and that of the Río de la Plata basin draining westward to the Uruguay River. History
During the Brazilian Colonial period, the province of South Rio Grande was the scene of bloody wars: the dispute between Portugal and Spain for the Sacramento Colony and the Guarani Missions War. It was also a focal point for internal rebellion from the 19th to the early 20th century. The Federal University of Bahia UFBA is a public university located mainly in the city of Salvador. It is the largest university of the state of Bahia.Students can study there without paying tuition fees, as it is a public university. To join the university they must pass an annual examination, known as the "vestibular". History Federal University of Bahia UFBA was created on April 8, 1946, through Decree-Law 9155. Earlier, the Federal University of Bahia was formed by the School of Medicine and their associated schools, Dentistry and Pharmacy, and the schools of Philosophy, Economics, Law beyond the Polytechnic School. The actual installation of the university took place on July 2, 1946, the oldest center of higher education in the country, the School of Medicine at the Shrine of Jesus.Four years later, the Federal University of Bahia was federalized. On December 4, 1950, the government enacted the 2234 law setting the Federal System of Higher Education. Since then, the university has been called the Federal University of Bahia. The history of higher education in the state dates back to 1808 when, for determination of the Portuguese court, the first school of medical education in the country was established: the Medical School of Bahia. This was followed by the Faculty of Pharmacy 1832 , School of Fine Arts 1877 , School of Law 1891, Polytechnique School 1897, School of Economics 1905, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters 1943, School of Librarianship 1942 that formed part of others since 1946.From that date onwards, new courses were created to meet the scientific and cultural needs of society. The work was coordinated by Edgard Santos, dean of the university from 1946 to 1961.During this period of activity, the following installations were added: the Central Teaching Hospital, the Schools of Architecture and Education, the School of Music and Scenic art, the School of Geology, the Institutes of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Health Sciences, the Center for Afro-Oriental Studies and the Museum of Sacred art. The university has 57 undergraduate courses, 82 post-graduate courses and more than 100 postgraduate courses. UFBA is one of the first universities in Brazil, having locations throughout the capital of Bahia and one inside, in Vitória da Conquista | south-west | .In 2008 , there were three campuses. The candidates per vacancy average was 6.2.The UFBA's Cooperation Agreements has 32 countries such as the United States, Sweden, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand, and others . The University of São Paulo | USP | is a public university in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is the largest Brazilian public university and the country's most prestigious educational institution,the best university in Ibero-America,and holds a high reputation among world universities, being ranked 51-60 worldwide in reputation by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.USP is involved in teaching, research and university extension in all areas of knowledge, offering a broad range of courses. The university was founded in 1934, regrouping already existing schools in the state of São Paulo, such as the Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco | Law | the Polytechnic School | Engineering | and the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz | Agriculture | . The university has subsequently created new departments, becoming one of the largest institutions of higher education in Latin America, with approximately 90,000 enrolled students. Currently, it has eleven campuses, four of them in the city of São Paulo.The remaining campuses are in the cities of Bauru, Lorena, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto and two in São Carlos.
Several students from the University of São Paulo achieved important positions in the Brazilian society. It was the alma mater of twelve Brazilian presidents. USP was ranked 19th worldwide in a rank based on the number of alumni who became CEOs in the world's 500 largest companies. and also classed in the top 100 worldwide in the Global Employability University Ranking.In terms of research, USP is Brazil's largest research institution, producing more than 25% of the scientific papers published by Brazilian researchers in high quality conferences and journals. In 2015, out of 36 subjects, the QS World University Rankings ranked USP in the top 50 in eight subjects | including Architecture, Dentistry, Civil Engineering, Agriculture | Forestry, Art & Design and Veterinary Science | and in the top 51-100th position in 21 more subjects | including Computer Science, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering, Modern Languages, Geography, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics . |